According to a recent study by University of Rochester professor Josh Kinsler, “At state and national levels, black students are more likely to be suspended from school, and conditional on misbehavior, receive stiffer penalties when compared with white students. Racial bias is often cited as a primary contributor to these gaps.”  In “Understanding the Black–White School Discipline Gap,” Kinsler tested this hypothesis by examining the interactions of students and teachers/principals of different races.

Using data from North Carolina public schools, he concluded that “there is little evidence that black students are treated differentially according to teacher or principal race.”